Posted by: Mike Plett | October 27, 2013

Sustainable consumption and alternative media

In “Mediated communication of ‘sustainable consumption’ in the alternative media,” Komathi Kolandai-Matchett examines an information campaign that used a message-framing strategy.

The campaign consisted of a series of articles published over three months in an alternative publication. The articles employed the following strategies: stressing local relevance of environmental problems; using an emotional appeal; detailing the intrinsic satisfaction gained from sustainable consumption; and suggesting individual actions that can be taken to address the problem.

A theme of “caring” was used throughout the series to provide an emotional appeal. For example, the articles appealed to sympathies by equating intra generational equality to caring about sweatshop workers in developing countries. They then suggested that readers demand goods be produced under fairer labor conditions. The articles also implied that by taking such action readers could enjoy the satisfaction gained from being a caring, “ethical and responsible consumer.”

The campaign was deemed a success when researchers found a significant increase in readers’ understanding of sustainable consumption, as well as a significant increase in concern over advertising effects on their children.

The use of alternative media was thought to have been part of the campaign’s success. Kolandai-Matchett further says alternative media are likely to be supportive of sustainability, thus their use “needs further exploration.” But if alternative media are likely to be supportive, could that mean their readers are more likely to be supportive as well? If your goal is to change hearts and minds, shouldn’t you use a more mainstream venue for this message?

Posted by: kgaboury | October 25, 2013

Framing the message

The way in which a message is framed can be the difference between a successful and disastrous communication. This is especially pertinent to health communication.
In “Using Communcation Theory for Health Promotion: Practical Guidance on Message Design and Strategy,” Edgar and Volkman use anti-smoking public-service announcements as an example of how messages can be framed for specific audiences.
Typically, anti-smoking PSAs emphasize the negative effects of smoking as opposed to the positive benefits of quitting, according to the article. Positive versus negative framing is one way of targeting your message to a specific audience. Do you want to reach non-smoking audiences stressing the myriad health problems caused by smoking? Or do you want to reach smokers with examples of the amount of money they could be saving each month by not buying cigarettes and/or the health issues they could conceivably prevent by quitting? The authors point out that typically, negative messages are more effective for those with high levels of nicotine addiction, compared to the opposite for those with low levels of addiction. In this regard, if your intention is to reach those already addicted to cigarettes, a campaign focused on the negative effects of continuing to smoke would be your best option.
Examples of message framing can be seen in most forms of communication, but this strategy seems to be the most prevalent in health communications. The use of scare tactics is undeniably common. Public service announcements promoting safe sex are riddled with “ifs.” If you don’t use a protection, you will get an STD or you will get pregnant. But are these effective? Statistics of STD rates and teen pregnancy are at an all-time high among high school students, suggesting advertisers may want to frame their messages differently if they hope to reach this younger audience.

Posted by: lindseynewkirk | October 21, 2013

Strategic and Off the Cuff Alignments in Diversity

At first glance, the initial frameworks presented in the readings felt practically unworthy of mention due to their obviousness as a component in business structure.  However, as I progressed through the many considerations that management must evaluate in their development and operations processes across the many layers of functions, the aggregate intricacies soon presented quite a complex system. 

One of the most intense layers that I think a business has to consider is the topic of diversity.  If “business should be representative of the societies in which they exist”, that suggests that it must keep abreast of and assimilate to the social and political climate of such issues as culture, race, gender, sexuality, language and more.  Though I’m sure this has happened well throughout history, it’s interesting to see national and multinational brands making both strategic and off the cuff announcements declaring alignment with one side or another on sensitive diversity and other values based issues.  Even more interesting is the varying responses that they receive from members of their local and greater societies in which they do business.

What happens if a business and society clash on values specific diversity issue?  How do multinational organizations deal with being representative of societal values when they may be located in several different societal cultures, with varying values and also serve different markets, also with varying values?

Posted by: Mike Plett | October 21, 2013

Strategic models and diversity

The model of strategic communications, according to “Strategic Communication in Business and the Professions,” has four elements: situational knowledge, goal setting, communication competence and anxiety management. Situational knowledge is information derived from an understanding of a variety of factors, ranging from an organization’s values and ethics to its politics and communications climate. Once communicators gain situational knowledge, they can then work on developing communication goals through identifying problems, mapping out a strategy, setting performance goals, identifying resources, recognizing what can go wrong and obtaining feedback. Communications competence is informed by situational knowledge, and is defined by the textbook as being able to “appropriately and effectively” communicate with people. This means communicators need to craft messages for specific audiences and being able to choose the most effective channels to get that message across.

Anxiety management, the final element of the strategic communications model, was a bit surprising to me, though it makes sense in my experience as a communicator. Anxiety can result in negative perceptions that undermine one’s communications competence.

The chapter on diversity stressed the importance of using situational knowledge to help understand different perspectives, especially one’s own. The process of resolving conflict caused by diversity can be understood as interactions between one’s own cultural perspective, the organizational context and the discussion resulting from the conflict.

This week’s reading left me with two questions: Other than perhaps medication, what’s the best way for naturally anxious communicators to manage anxiousness? How do you safeguard yourself from stereotyping?

Posted by: lorihowell | October 21, 2013

Help Wanted: Cultural Ambassador

Photo courtesy of Nathan Stephens, Creative Commons.

Photo courtesy of Nathan Stephens, Creative Commons.

Many small offices don’t have operations managers, IT support or HR directors. Almost no one has a designated cultural ambassador–someone to facilitate communication and head off misunderstanding before it occurs.

What does it take to be a cultural ambassador? What would your organization look like if you had staff trained in diversity, interpreting and translating various belief systems and ensuring that operations are running democratically? If that job was offered, what do you think the description would look like?

After reading chapters two and three in Strategic Communication in Business and the Professions (7th Edition), and attending trainings for PRSA Counselor’s Academy, I am curious about workplace climates that support similar roles–and other forms of organizational health.
I understand that a cultural ambassador needs to possess a high level of communication competence, in addition to being patient, earnest and social. I wonder if there is a set of criteria that describes a workplace poised for this task. Have you ever belonged to an organization that would foster this role?

Posted by: kgaboury | October 21, 2013

Know your audience

For our week four presentation, myself (Kevin Gaboury) and Steven Wheeler will be discussing situational analysis in communication strategy. Our presentation is built around several theories advanced by public relations thinkers like James E. Grunig, who developed the situational communication theory and the situational theory of publics. The theories have been effective in predicting public response to a variety of issues and how people will react to a problem. Essentially, they boil down to one important mandate: Know your audience. I encourage you to Google Grunig to learn more about his contributions to the field.
We’ve developed three questions for you to think about before class on Monday.
1. How can the situational communication theory help PR practitioners predict how the public will react to a communication?
2. Why is situational knowledge important for effective communication, both internally and externally?
3. Can we craft long-term relationships from hot-button issues? If so, how?

Posted by: Natalie Henry Bennon | October 21, 2013

Say It To My Face

One of the most useful things I took away from the readings this week was that in-person communication is still the most effective method. Every other method requires the person delivering the message to make up for the fact that they are not delivering it in person.

It is quick to email or text. However, if it is more effective to speak in person, it may be more efficient to avoid email/text have a live conversation. Other options are Skype, or the telephone, if you are not in the same area. But both require that the person actually be there to have the conversation. And that gets back to one reason people rely on email and text so much: because the person can pick up the message when it is convenient.

A new startup, Tango, has an answer to this that I found interesting. Video messaging.

This leads me another reality we confront daily: the sheer number of channels available for communication, and the developments that occur daily in those channels. It is our responsibility to keep abreast of new developments and develop an understanding of the benefits of each channel and when each should be employed.

When would you choose blogs over text over v-logs over social media over teleconferencing over the telephone over in-person over video messaging over…….?

Of course, it really depends on your audience, and your message, but how does one evaluate blogs v. social media v. in-person interactions v. print?

Posted by: B. Scott Anderson | October 21, 2013

Gender, glass ceilings and goal setting: Issues faced in the workplace

One of the interesting things I noted in the reading was the idea of gender and how fairly glazed over it was. I took at gender communication class this past summer at PSU and one of the first things I learned — which was in contrast to the book — was that there are not just simply two genders and that it is not possible to simply lump people into one of two categories because that ultimately leads to more stereotypes and quite possibly the glass ceiling that women have experienced. Does that mean there is no glass ceiling for men and that all men are getting promoted? 

Another intriguing aspect of the book was the idea of setting goals. This seems obvious. You set goals if you run a 5K, take a class or do just about anything else. I can only speak to my work experiences, but the goal setting in the meetings I’ve been in have been almost non-existent or flawed, which is the exact opposite of how things should work. Most of the time, there would be a short-term goal, but a long-term goal would often become clouded due to a lack of benchmarks set or a clear plan. On top of this, there’s the idea of being in the meetings themselves that most people don’t like to begin with and if you mention that the goal-setting is awry, you could easily alienate yourself from co-workers. In turn, your workplace now becomes a less-friendly atmosphere.

Posted by: graceroxasmorrissey | October 19, 2013

The rocky shoals of diversity speak

These are grammatically challenging times for the wordsmith.  Not only do they have to append the word “challenge” itself in the past tense to any adverb that might potentially undermine a person’s hopefulness in overcoming any kind of disability (even someone dead may just be “biologically-challenged”) they also have to watch their pronouns for gender sensitivity and use of certain proper nouns to avoid untoward ethnic references.

And how forgiving is a 140-character Twitter feed to all of these?  How do we reconcile efficient bare-boning of words to match online attention span of nano-second durations, with the need to be politically correct though verbose?  Is it a solution to just use feminine pronouns in subsequent third-person references where gender is not specified or is it too self-consciously affirmative?

A lot of discord and at least one whole genre of comedy has been engendered by the political correctness movement and yet, because proper use of language is one of the markers of diversity awareness in an organization, it is a practical, day-to-day concern for communications professionals who not only have to navigate rocky shoals towards what’s multiculturally appropriate but also have to remain strong and compelling in steering the message.  It is also a responsibility.  Promoting diversity in business and the professions — and in the whole of society for that matter — is a constant work in progress and among those in the forefront of it are the people who shape the language.

Posted by: swhee1er | October 14, 2013

Is Resistance Futile?

Toward the end of the article “How Does Organizational Identification Form,” the authors address the all-important question of outliers.  These outliers, whom they characterize as “dark outcomes,” comprise employees who failed to identify with their organizations’ values and felt themselves marginalized as a result.  It’s a small group, but is important nonetheless, in that it highlights the pitfalls that having a strong organizational identity create.

 The issues spring from the homogeneity these organizations engender.  There’s no denying the benefits uniformity offers: according to the article, most of the employees at BLAM love their jobs and embrace the culture of the company.  They do, however, seem to be marching in lockstep with each other, as the prevalence of the phrase “drinking the Kool-Aid” suggests.  More like-minded individuals mean a smaller plurality of opinions, which may do wonders for efficiency but, I would argue, is not conducive to the health of the firm in the long run.

This sameness also serves to ostracize those employees who don’t share the same values.  While it is unrealistic to suppose that any company can completely satisfy all its employees, I think it is also doing itself a gross disservice if it relegates potentially valuable employees to the periphery based on the idea of instituting a “rock’n’roll” atmosphere.

These points beg the question: how do we balance the initiatives of developing a focused, driven culture, yet remain open to a difference of opinions?  How do we create a culture of values, yet simultaneously encourage diversity?

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